New paper finds more evidence the Medieval Warming Period was global

A new paper published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology reconstructs climate in Kenya, Africa over the past 1700 years and finds evidence of a Medieval Warming Period and Little Ice Age, adding to the papers of over 1,200 scientists who have proven these climate phenomena were global, not local as claimed by Michael Mann. The authors also find that "the Little Age Ice was the wettest and most humid period of the entire record," contrary to the claims of climate alarmists that warmer climates cause increased flooding. The authors also find, "From the late-18th to early-19th century and again in the 1870’s, the region experienced two episodes of drought more severe than any recorded in historical time," once again demonstrating that man-made CO2 is not the control knob of climate.

Late-Holocene and recent hydroclimatic variability in the central Kenya Rift Valley: The sediment record of hypersaline lakes Bogoria, Nakuru and Elementeita

• Gijs De Cort^a, , , 


• Ilse Bessems^a, 


• Edward Keppens^b, 


• Florias Mees^c, 


• Brian Cumming^d, 


• Dirk Verschuren^a

• ^a Limnology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Gent, Belgium


• ^b Isotope Geology and Evolution of the Paleoenvironments Research Unit, Department of Geology, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussel, Belgium


• ^c Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteensweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium


• ^d Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada

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Highlights

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We document the sediment record of three lakes in the Kenya Rift Valley.

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Salt mineralogy and sedimentology provide indications for climate change.

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During the first millennium AD up to the 12th century AD, the area was mostly dry.

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The Little Ice Age equivalent was the wettest period of the entire record.

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Lakes Nakuru and Elementeita were desiccated during the late-19th century drought.

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Abstract

The sedimentology, salt mineralogy and stable oxygen- and carbon-isotope signatures of a mid-lake sediment sequence from hypersaline Lake Bogoria in Kenya reveals marked climate-driven changes in water-column mixing regime and salinity over the past 1700 years. Combined with sedimentological data on short sediment sequences from nearby lakes Nakuru and Elementeita, this results in a preliminary reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in the central Kenya Rift Valley since ca. 300 AD. Stratigraphic analyses of bulk sediment composition, texture and magnetic susceptibility of all three cores; and smear slide, XRD and stable-isotope analyses on carbonate minerals in the Bogoria sequence allowed to define a succession of sedimentary units, corresponding to distinct phases in lake history. In the lowermost unit, four characteristic trona layers (Na₃(HCO₃)(CO₃).2H₂O) are attributed to predominantly dry conditions during the second half of the first millennium AD and the period equivalent to the Medieval Climate Anomaly [Medieval Warming Period], until the first half of the 12th century AD. Lake Bogoria was probably polymictic at that time, its surface level standing significantly lower than today. The second unit displays uniform deposition of nahcolite (NaHCO₃), indicative of a strongly stratified lake where a layer of less saline surface water (near-)permanently covers a hypersaline water mass with high pCO₂. We propose that this depositional phase reflects the rising lake level related to the transition from dry to more humid climate conditions at the onset of the Little Ice Age, as previously documented for other parts of equatorial East Africa. The third, uppermost Bogoria unit contains only sporadic depositions of magadiite (Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉(OH)₃.11H₂O) and various sodium carbonate minerals. This, together with low magnetic susceptibility, is interpreted to indicate humid Little Ice Age conditions, with highest lake level and reduced salinity around the late-15th to early-16th century AD. From the late-18th to early-19th century and again in the 1870’s, the region experienced two episodes of drought more severe than any recorded in historical time. Tentative evidence for these events in the Bogoria record is not well constrained in time, but dated desiccation surfaces in the Nakuru and Elementeita records confirm their widespread nature across eastern equatorial Africa.